Guitar and Plectrum Instruments Essay Example for Free

Guitar and Plectrum Instruments Essay The rondalia is an ensemble of stringed instruments played with the plectrum or pick and generally known as plectrum instruments. It originated in Medieval Spain, especially in Catalunya. Aragon, Murcia, and Valencia. The tradition was later taken to Spanish America and elsewhere. The word rondaila is from the Spanish ronda, meaning serenade. The rondalia has its origins in the playing bands from Spain (as well as New Spain, namely Mexico) that were forerunners of the present-day rondalia and included four types: groups of young men who played and sang regularly in front of homes, bands of musicians known as murza or murga who begged for alms, a group of musicians known as comparza who played on stage, and groups of university musicians known asestudiantina, dubbed â€Å"tuna†. The usual musical instruments used by estudiantina members were mandolins, violins, guitars, flutes, cellos, basses, tambourines, castanets, and triangles. Estudiantina musicians in Spain and Mexico, before and during the age of musical romanticism, wore 16th century attire such as short velvet breeches, ornate shirts and a short cape with multicolored ribbons. Some instruments used for the early rondalia were influenced by the Mozarab musical instruments of the time, including the guitars, flutes and vihuelas. Mandolins, castanets and tambourines were also used and today a full range of instruments can be heard, such as the Mexican vihuela, violins and cellos, marimbas, xylophones, harps, and timbales. Today, rondalias are more modern and expressive, using lyrics that are vibrant, yet still keep with the traditional theme of melancholy love and evening serenades. Currently, there are many groups in Spain (such as La Rondalla Sierra Almijara and La Rondalla de la Costera), and Mexico (such as La Rondalla de Saltillo, La Rondalla Voces del Corazon) and United States (La Rondalla del Sagrado Corazon de Richmond) that carry on the tradition. During the Spanish period in the East Indies, the rondalia was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards. In the early Philippines, certain styles were adopted by the natives, especially guitar and banduria used in the Pandanggo, the Jota, and the Polka. The use of the term comparza was common, however, during the American period in the Philippines, the term rondalia became more used. At present, rondalia, in the Philippines, refers to any group of stringed instruments that are played using the plectrum or pick. The Filipino instruments are made from indigenous Philippine wood and the plectrum, or picks, are made from tortoise-shell. Other stringed instruments composing the standard Filipino rondalia are the bandurria, the laà ºd, the octavina, the Twelve-string guitar, the Ukulele, the bajo de uà ±as or double bass, the Guitarrà ³n mexicano, and other Filipino-made instruments modeled and developed after the guitar. The Philippine rondalia’s repertoire include folk songs such as the Balitaw, the Kundiman, the Zarzuela, the Subli, the Harana, the Tinikling, and the Carià ±osa.

Asset Valuation Paper :: Business Accounting

Asset Valuation Accounting for Managerial Decision-Making Introduction To start a new business and remain in business profitably, many critical decisions must be made when the foundation of a new business is formed. These decisions affect the company in the long run and often make or break an organization. Methods of inventory control and capitalization policies are among these critical decisions that will affect any business bottom line. Our team has investigated these policies and will present our recommendation for the method of inventory and capitalization policy for the XYZ Mattress Store in the remainder of this paper. Inventory Policy Selecting the valuation method for reporting and valuing is based on key issues relating to the relevance and reliability of the method of accounting for that item. According to finetuning.com (2005) "how you identify items in inventory and determine which have been sold will depend on the nature of the products, the volume of the products, how they are tracked, and inventory rotation." Key factors to consider under the inventory policy are: location of storage facilities, temperature, security, rotation of stock, cost, training, periodic inventories, and control. caycon.com (2005) wrote: "Valuing a startup is intrinsically different from valuing established companies. Because of the high level of risk and often little or no revenues, traditional quantitative valuation methods like (P/E) per-share earnings comparables or discounting free cash flows are of little use. Startup valuations are largely determined based on qualitative attributes." To select an inventory valuation method, the options are FIFO, LIFO and Weighted Average. The valuation method for (FIFO) First-in, first out: Answers.com (2005) defines this as a "common method for recording the value of inventory. It is appropriate where there are many different batches of similar products." This method describes the first item coming in will be the first item going out of the inventory. Retailinventories.com (2005) wrote "cost flow assumption assumes that the oldest inventory is sold first. The ending balance of inventory is valued at the most recent purchase price. FIFO produces a more relevant balance sheet since the ending balance in inventory reflects its current value." An example of this would be: Ending balance in inventory would be 30 units of the most recent purchases. 30 x 300=9,000 E/B = 9,000.

Everything Bad Is Good for You

In Everything Bad Is Good For You, Steven Johnson uses many scientific methods and presents point of view stating that popular culture does not only have negative impacts on us. In the introduction of the television section, he briefly tells us the truth that the complexity of modern TV shows is rising and it also makes people more intelligent. To support his ideas, Johnson divides the content into three parts: Multiple threading, Flashing Arrows, and Social Networks. Multiple threading is very common in modern television shows but not in past shows.Johnson uses four graphs which clearly show the amount of plot content in relation to the running time of four episodes from different shows, to depict changes of complexity in TV dramas. In one drama, Dragnet, the narrative only focuses on one plotline; a few years later, the numbers of plotline have been increased in another drama called The Sopranos. The evidence strongly supports Johnson’s statement: Multiple threading becomes more complex and abundant in modern television dramas. However, it is not the only reason that makes TV shows more complicated.Flashing Arrows, which had allowed viewers to follow the plot more easily television shows of the past, disappeared and were transformed in modern soap dramas and sitcoms. TV shows stopped using flashing arrows because audiences have been learned to find the hidden answers in the shows for many years. In soap operas, flashing arrows have been transformed to â€Å"texture† and â€Å"substance† (p. 78), which are used for building up a realistic dramatic situation in the drama. In sitcoms, flashing arrows become a reward of knowing the â€Å"in-joke† by attaining extra information outside the shows.Although sitcoms become more complex, they are not the only shows that have changed. Social networks are mainly used in reality programming and political debates. When audiences watch The Apprentice or Survivor, a reality show, they will use â⠂¬Å"social intelligence† (p. 96) to judge participants’ personalities. Each facial expression and action from the participants provides clues to audiences for the judgment. In political debates, audiences will judge the politicians’ appearances, speech, skin color or actions to decide the votes. Social intelligence† is a brain activity that people will do it automatically when they try to make decisions. Johnson’s evidence has shown â€Å"social intelligence† has been improved by reality shows. However, social networks do not only represent the network among participants and audiences, but also the social relationships of characters in the TV dramas. The social mapping of 24 clearly shows the complex relationships among all the characters. There are four families being involved in the show, but the relationships are not obvious to the audience.Audiences need to build up the social connections by watching the show. The process is difficult and challenging, but the audience has already gotten used to it by training from the past thirty years. Social networks are also a part of making audiences become smarter. Basically, Johnson thinks television has become more complex because of multithreading, flashing arrows and social network. These three elements are also important to people’s brain activity which has made them smarter.

Jean-Paul Sartre Essay - 1540 Words

Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre was an existentialist philosopher. The questions of his philosophy often come out in his readings. Existentialism questions why we exist. Existentialists deny the existence of God. Existentialist writers such as Kafka and Sartre often use prisons and solitary confinement to tell their stories. Often, neither the reader nor the protagonist is aware of what crime has been committed. Jean-Paul Sartre’s â€Å"The Wall† reflects his philosophy and personal experiences. He worked for the French resistance and was imprisoned by the Germans during WWII. The story takes place during the Spanish Civil War in an old hospital being used by the Spanish Fascist’s to house prisoners. â€Å"The Wall† is told from a†¦show more content†¦The terror increases as they wait for dawn and the firing squad and Pablo begins to question what happens after death. â€Å"I thought of bullets, I imagined their burning hail through my body. All that was beside the real question; but I was calm: we had all night to understand† (14). Pablo is denying his own fear. Existentialists do not believe in a Supreme Being, so what is there to be afraid of? But his continual denial of the feeling of terror demonstrates he does have some fears, â€Å"I felt myself crushed under an enormous weight. It was not the thought of death, or fear; it was nameless. My cheeks burned and my head ached† (15). Eventually, Pablo recognizes his terror, when he realizes, in spit of it being quite cold, he is sweating profusely. The doctor who is sent to observe them is chilled and it is the doctors stare that causes Pablo to think of how terrified he actually is, I saw my shirt was damp and sticking to my skin. I had been dripping for an hour and hadn’t felt it. But that swine of a Belgian hadn’t missed a thing; he had seen the drops rolling down my cheeks and thought: this is the manifestation of terror; and he had felt normal and proud of being alive because he was cold. (17) His terror manifests when he notices his trousers and buttocks are soaked and he wonders if he pissed his pants like Tom. The terror Pablo and Tom try to questionShow MoreRelatedExistentialism, By Jean Paul Sartre1927 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosopher JP Sartre As a human beings, we have many choices that we need to make on a daily basis throughout our entire lives as well. Those choices that we make, may have consequences and may affect us or our family members in the long run. Therefore, throughout my essay I will give a summary from Jean Paul Sartre’s â€Å"Ethical Authenticity,† in chapter 10 and the â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism,† his primary reading. I will also be answering the questions to the primary readings. Jean Paul Sartre was aRead MoreThe Life of Jean-Paul Sartre847 Words   |  4 Pageson in history. That was the mind of Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre, who is considered one of the great philosophical minds, based many of his ideas around the idea of existentialism and phenomenology. Throughout this paper we will take an extensive look into the life and mind of Jean-Paul Sartre. On the 21st of June 1905, Anne-Marie Schweitzer and Jean-Baptiste Sartre gave birth to their one and only child, Jean Paul Sartre. Anne-Marie was forced to raise Jean-Paul all by herself after Sartre’s fatherRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe play No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre is about three people that die and go to hell. Joseph Garcin, a journalist executed by a firing squad for trying to desert during a war; Inez Serrano, a post-office clerk murdered by her lover which left a gas stove on while she slept; and Estelle Rigault, a woman who married an older rich man and died due to pneumonia. They all expected physical torture in hell. However, all they found was a plain room with some furniture that always had the light on, no windowsRead MoreNo Exit, By Jean Paul Sartre1859 Words   |  8 Pageswhich flourished soon after the end of World War II. It is focused around a belief that existence precedes essence, meaning that there is no meaning o f life, other than the one each individual assigns during his own lifetime. In the play No Exit, Jean Paul Sartre explores this philosophy through a triad of individuals whose lives and post-death experiences reflect a range of existentialist ideas and their contradictions. The three characters, Garcin Inez, and Estelle, are all stuck in a second empireRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesThe Play Text, Its Context and the Ideas presented in the play Why did I choose this play? I choose the play No Exit by Jean-Paul Sartre as the play to explore for my director s notebook. The reason I choose this text was because I wanted to find something out of the box and something that made the audience think. This play is also a shorter play, so I think that it would be able to be able to keep the audience’s attention to the message of the play. This play is an absurdist play, and the topicRead MoreNo Exit, By Jean Paul Sartre1469 Words   |  6 Pageshas been perpetually questioned by many authors and philosophers including the French playwright, Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre questions the known layout of hell and instead offers a new idea of people, in fact, being each other’s hell. He creates a fictional story about terrible people who must spend the entirety of their afterlives suffering with each other. In, â€Å"No Exit,† a play written by Jean-Paul Sartre, the act of self reflection and it’s consequences are shown through the egocentric characterizationRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1342 Words   |  6 Pages In No Exit, a play written by philosopher and existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, three characters are placed in a small room assumed to be hell with minimal furniture, space, and points of interest. The two women and one man are forced to face their own as well as the others’ sins and true natures, exposing each other in a raw truth. In many of his works, Sartre attempts to get important messages across that coincide with his philosophies. A piece that is easy to use to compare with the play is theRead MoreExistentialism, By Jean Paul Sartre879 Words   |  4 PagesIt was in the 19 Th centuries where a French writer Jean-Paul Sartre who popularized the concept of existentialism this was during his play No Exit. Sartre explained Existentialism, which states on the belief that life has no meaning. Each is separate from all other individuals, so each person has the power to place himself in the posi tion he wishes, that every individual is responsible for his actions. (Reynolds)People should be responsible for themselves rather than make excuses for the occurrencesRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe play No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre, is about three people that die and go to hell. Joseph Garcin, a journalist executed by a firing squad for trying to desert during a war; Inez Serrano, a post-office clerk murdered by her lover which left a gas stove on while she slept; and Estelle Rigault, a woman who married an older rich man and died due to pneumonia. They all expected physical torture in hell. However, all they found was a plain room with some furniture that always had the light on, no windowsRead MoreJean Paul Sartre : The Philosophy Of Existentialism1484 Words   |  6 PagesJean Paul Sartre is a philosopher that supports the philosophy of existentialism. Existentialism is a twentieth century philosophy that denies any crucial human nature and embraces that each of us produces our own essence through our free actions. Existentialists like Sartre believe there isn’t a God that determines people’s nature. So, existentialists believe that humans have no purpose or nature except the ones that they create for themselves. We are free and responsible for what we are and our